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Lecturer(s)
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Lapčíková Barbora, doc. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Lapčík Lubomír, prof. Ing. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Colloidal systems: definition of the basic physical terms, units and quantities, mass ballance, importance of the surface free energy of a small particle, classification of dispersion systems, shape and size of particles, aggregation, polydispersity. 2. Colloidal systems: mean values, distribution functions according to the particle size, differential and integral distribution functions, histogram. 3. Sedimentation: sedimentation rate, sedimentation analysis. 4. Diffusion: Brown´s movement, Fick´s laws, sedimentation and diffusion and their equilibrium. 5. Osmotic pressure: ideal solution, 2nd viral coefficient, excluded volume, Donnan equillibrium. 6. Osmotic pressure: osmotic pressure of charged colloids, dialysis, reverse osmosis. 7. Viscosity of diluted dispersions: Einstein´s formula for relative viscosity, intrinsic viscosity, non-Newtonian liquids, shear rate dependence of the viscosity, Mark-Houwink equation, Schulz-Blaschke equation. 8. Light scattering: classical theory, fluctuation theory, determination of the size, shape and interactions of the colloidal particle. 9. Light scattering: Rayleigh equation, Zimm dependency, dissymmetry. 10. Surface tension, surface free energy and contact angle: surfactants, function, structure, micellar, macromolecular, surface tension, surface free energy, vapour tension, dissolution, wetting, flotation. 11. Surface films of insoluble substances: surface pressure, Gibbs equation, surfactants, adsorption from solution, adsorption on the surface of the solid substance, physical adsorption and chemisorption, adsorption heat, basic types of the adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich adsorption isotherms). Emulsions, emulgators, micro emulsions, foams. 12. Adsorption on the gas-solid interface: multi layer adsorption, BET isotherm, determination of the specific surface area, adsorption isotherm hysteresis. 13. Electrical double layer and double layer interactions: models, DLVO theory, coagulation, flocculation, Smoluchowski equation of the fast coagulation, Schulze-Hardy rule. 14. Electrophoresis and other electrokinetic phenomena: zeta-potential, electro osmosis, electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, current potential, coefficient of the electrophoretic braking, application of the electrophoretic phenomena in food industry.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecturing, Simple experiments
- Participation in classes
- 16 hours per semester
- Home preparation for classes
- 30 hours per semester
- Preparation for course credit
- 30 hours per semester
- Preparation for examination
- 44 hours per semester
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| prerequisite |
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| Knowledge |
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| Knowledge of the basic curriculum of the subjects related to physics and physical chemistry. |
| Knowledge of the basic curriculum of the subjects related to physics and physical chemistry. |
| learning outcomes |
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| The student understands basic physico-chemical processes, properties and characteristics of studied colloidal systems. |
| The student understands basic physico-chemical processes, properties and characteristics of studied colloidal systems. |
| The student understands the distribution of colloidal systems according to selected criteria, such as particle size of the dispersed phase, phase distribution (solid, liquid, gas) for combinations of dispersed medium and dispersed phase. |
| The student understands the distribution of colloidal systems according to selected criteria, such as particle size of the dispersed phase, phase distribution (solid, liquid, gas) for combinations of dispersed medium and dispersed phase. |
| The student understands the types of colloidal systems with respect to their interaction (lyophilic, lyophobic), nature of dispersion (reversible, irreversible). |
| The student understands the types of colloidal systems with respect to their interaction (lyophilic, lyophobic), nature of dispersion (reversible, irreversible). |
| The student understands the rheological behaviour of dispersed systems with respect to flow curves e.g. the dependence of dynamic viscosity on shear rate. |
| The student understands the rheological behaviour of dispersed systems with respect to flow curves e.g. the dependence of dynamic viscosity on shear rate. |
| The student understands the ability of colloidal systems to mix, spread and form micellar systems relative to the surface tension of the individual components. |
| The student understands the ability of colloidal systems to mix, spread and form micellar systems relative to the surface tension of the individual components. |
| The student understand and design an appropriate method for stabilizing colloidal dispersions, and determine their critical coagulation concentration. |
| The student understand and design an appropriate method for stabilizing colloidal dispersions, and determine their critical coagulation concentration. |
| Skills |
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| The student can determine the particle size distribution function using sieve analysis and dynamic light scattering. |
| The student can determine the particle size distribution function using sieve analysis and dynamic light scattering. |
| The student can measure the zeta potential of colloidal dispersions and assess their colloidal stability. |
| The student can measure the zeta potential of colloidal dispersions and assess their colloidal stability. |
| The student can measure flow curves of liquid systems on a rotational viscometer. |
| The student can measure flow curves of liquid systems on a rotational viscometer. |
| The student can determine the surface energy of solid substrates, and the surface tension of liquids. |
| The student can determine the surface energy of solid substrates, and the surface tension of liquids. |
| The student will be able to determine the viscosity-averaged molar mass of a dispersed phase from a concentration dependence measurement of the reduced viscosity. |
| The student will be able to determine the viscosity-averaged molar mass of a dispersed phase from a concentration dependence measurement of the reduced viscosity. |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Lecturing |
| Lecturing |
| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Skills |
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| Simple experiments |
| Simple experiments |
| Practice exercises |
| Practice exercises |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Oral examination |
| Grade (Using a grade system) |
| Grade (Using a grade system) |
| Oral examination |
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Recommended literature
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ATKINS, P.W. Physical Chemistry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-19-855731-0.
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Bartovská L., Šišková M. Fyzikální chemie povrchů a koloidních soustav. Praha, 2005. ISBN 80-7080-579-X.
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Hiemenz, P.C., Rajagopalan, R. Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. New York : Marcel Dekker, 1997. ISBN 0-8247-9397-8.
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METIU, H. Physical Chemistry. Thermodynamics. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2006. ISBN 0-8153-4091-5.
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Mittal, K.L. Partcles on Surfaces 5&6: Detection, Adhesion and Removal. Utrecht : VSP, 1999. ISBN 90-6764-312-2.
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POUCHLÝ, J. Fyzikální chemie makromolekulárních a koloidních soustav. Praha: VŠCHT Praha, 2001. ISBN 80-7080-422-X.
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