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Lecturer(s)
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Course content
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Week 1 Safety and health protection when working in a chemical laboratory. Week 2 Theory: Materials used in the chemical laboratory (glass, porcelain, objects made of metal, plastic, cork and rubber, connecting and closing elements of apparatus) and principles for attaching glass components and assembling apparatus. Practice: Assembling filters and basic types of chemical apparatus according to the pictures received and their safe disassembly (not a laboratory task). Week 3 Theory: Basic laboratory operations (weighing, measuring volume, measuring temperature, pressure and pH). Practice: Verification of the accuracy of the calibration of laboratory glass. Week 4 Theory: Heat sources and heating (cooker, electromagnetic stirrer, heating nest, hot air gun, kahan, water, oil, sand and metal bath), cooling of solutions (water/ice mixture, water/NaCl/ice, dry ice, liquid nitrogen) and steam (various types of coolers), evaporation (at atmospheric and reduced pressure). Practice: Practical familiarization with the individual points of the theoretical block (not a laboratory task). Week 5 Theory: Methods of determining melting and boiling points, density and refractive index. Practice: Identification of substances (solid sample based on measured melting temperatures). Week 6 Theory: Methods of determining melting and boiling points, density and refractive index. Practice: Identification of substances (liquid sample based on measured boiling points, refractive index and densities). Week 7 Theory: Filtration (own weight of liquid, under reduced pressure, under increased pressure). Practice: Preparation and filtration of slightly soluble carbonates. Week 8 Theory: Crystallization (free, disturbed, precipitation, change of solvent polarity, fractional). Practice: Separation of a three-component mixture. Week 9 Theory: Polymorphism. Practice: Preparation of alum and mixed crystal. Week 10 Theory: Preparation of gases and working with them. Practice: Determination of the relative atomic weight of zinc. Week 11 Theory: Drying solid samples, organic solutions and solvents. Practice: Verifying the correctness of the blue rock formula. Week 12 Theory: Separation of mixtures (extraction, sublimation, chromatography). Practice: Extraction and sublimation of iodine. Week 13 Theory: Distillation (simple, fractional, azeotropic, under reduced pressure, steam). Practice: Distillation of a binary acetone-water mixture. Week 14 Awarding of credits and room for replacement of one laboratory task.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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- Participation in classes
- 42 hours per semester
- Home preparation for classes
- 48 hours per semester
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| prerequisite |
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| Knowledge |
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| pojmenovat laboratorní sklo, porcelán a kovové náčiní a mít představu o možnostech jejich použití |
| pojmenovat laboratorní sklo, porcelán a kovové náčiní a mít představu o možnostech jejich použití |
| popsat hlavní principy právě využívaných laboratorních operací (zahřívání a chlazení reakčních směsí, filtrace, krystalizace, sušení, extrakce, sublimace, destilace, vyvíjení, jímání a odměřování plynu) |
| popsat hlavní principy právě využívaných laboratorních operací (zahřívání a chlazení reakčních směsí, filtrace, krystalizace, sušení, extrakce, sublimace, destilace, vyvíjení, jímání a odměřování plynu) |
| rozlišit základní fyz.-chem. vlastnosti sloučenin, se kterými bude v daném cvičení pracovat (skupenství, hořlavost, těkavost, výbušnost, toxicita, prudká reaktivita s některými chemikáliemi, atd.) |
| rozlišit základní fyz.-chem. vlastnosti sloučenin, se kterými bude v daném cvičení pracovat (skupenství, hořlavost, těkavost, výbušnost, toxicita, prudká reaktivita s některými chemikáliemi, atd.) |
| aktivně využívat teoretických znalostí obsažených v běžné středoškolské chemii (reaktivita anorg. sloučenin, vztah mezi látkovým množstvím, hmotnostním zlomkem a molární koncentrací, výpočty z chemických rovnic, atd.) |
| aktivně využívat teoretických znalostí obsažených v běžné středoškolské chemii (reaktivita anorg. sloučenin, vztah mezi látkovým množstvím, hmotnostním zlomkem a molární koncentrací, výpočty z chemických rovnic, atd.) |
| Skills |
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| za účelem přesného dávkování tuhých a kapalných látek do reakční směsi správně používat laboratorní váhy a odměrné sklo |
| za účelem přesného dávkování tuhých a kapalných látek do reakční směsi správně používat laboratorní váhy a odměrné sklo |
| learning outcomes |
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| Knowledge |
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| common chemical apparatus used mainly for the separation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures of two solids, two liquids or their combinations |
| common chemical apparatus used mainly for the separation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures of two solids, two liquids or their combinations |
| Skills |
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| can determine the basic physical properties of solids (melting point) and liquids (boiling point, density, refractive index) |
| can determine the basic physical properties of solids (melting point) and liquids (boiling point, density, refractive index) |
| with the use of filtration carried out under normal or reduced pressure, it can separate the solid substance from the liquid from the suspension |
| with the use of filtration carried out under normal or reduced pressure, it can separate the solid substance from the liquid from the suspension |
| can use common crystallization methods to purify compounds (free, disordered, precipitation) or to separate mixtures of solids based on their different solubility |
| can use common crystallization methods to purify compounds (free, disordered, precipitation) or to separate mixtures of solids based on their different solubility |
| if necessary, it separates from a mixture of solids a compound which willingly sublimes |
| if necessary, it separates from a mixture of solids a compound which willingly sublimes |
| by simple distillation, it can separate the solution of two liquids whose boiling point differs by at least 40 °C |
| by simple distillation, it can separate the solution of two liquids whose boiling point differs by at least 40 °C |
| can actively use the properties of two mutually immiscible liquids to extract a given compound from its aqueous solution into an organic solvent or vice versa |
| can actively use the properties of two mutually immiscible liquids to extract a given compound from its aqueous solution into an organic solvent or vice versa |
| controls the operation of simple apparatus designed for developing and collecting gases |
| controls the operation of simple apparatus designed for developing and collecting gases |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Demonstration |
| Demonstration |
| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Methods for working with texts (Textbook, book) |
| Methods for working with texts (Textbook, book) |
| Skills |
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| Simple experiments |
| Simple experiments |
| Practice exercises |
| Practice exercises |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Analysis of works made by the student (Technical products) |
| Analysis of works made by the student (Technical products) |
| Grade (Using a grade system) |
| Grade (Using a grade system) |
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Recommended literature
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BALLINGER, J.T., SHUGAR, G.J. Chemical technicians´ready reference handbook, 5th ed.. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2011. ISBN 978-0-07-174592-5.
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KALOUS, V. a kol. Metody chemického výzkumu. Praha, SNTL/ALFA, 1987.
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KOTEK, J. Laboratorní technika. Praha: UK Praha, 2007. ISBN 9788024614410.
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MOHRING, J.R. et al. Laboratory techniques in organic chemistry, 4th ed.. W.H. Freeman, 2014.
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PŘÍHODA, J. a kol. Laboratorní technika - Příručka pro začínajícího chemika. Brno: MU Brno, 2012.
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VÍCHA, R., MRKVIČKA, V. Laboratorní cvičení z chemie. Zlín: UTB Zlín, 2007. ISBN 978-80-7318-595-4.
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