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| 1. Glass cooling: types of internal stress and causes of its occurrence. Characterize the properties of thermal expansion of glass (coefficient, meaning) and thermal conductivity. Explain the occurrence of internal stress as a consequence of their existence and characterize the processes that occur during heating or cooling of glass and enamel and during shaping of common objects which are then the cause of the occurrence of permanent stress. Characteristics of the condition and occurrence of internal stresses in glass, their types. Upper and lower cooling temperatures and their definitions. Why do these temperatures differ for different glasses? Cooling curve. Cooling interval and its practical significance. |
| 1. Glass cooling: types of internal stress and causes of its occurrence. Characterize the properties of thermal expansion of glass (coefficient, meaning) and thermal conductivity. Explain the occurrence of internal stress as a consequence of their existence and characterize the processes that occur during heating or cooling of glass and enamel and during shaping of common objects which are then the cause of the occurrence of permanent stress. Characteristics of the condition and occurrence of internal stresses in glass, their types. Upper and lower cooling temperatures and their definitions. Why do these temperatures differ for different glasses? Cooling curve. Cooling interval and its practical significance. |
| 2. Cooling process and its calculation. Cooling furnaces. Cooling curve, cooling process and explanation of the purpose of its individual stages. Determination of the standard size for basic product shapes. Simplified calculation of the cooling curve. Cooling furnaces and their types. Measurement of internal stress and its safe value, cooling furnaces. |
| 2. Cooling process and its calculation. Cooling furnaces. Cooling curve, cooling process and explanation of the purpose of its individual stages. Determination of the standard size for basic product shapes. Simplified calculation of the cooling curve. Cooling furnaces and their types. Measurement of internal stress and its safe value, cooling furnaces. |
| 3. Glass refinement - grinding, grinding process, abrasives and polishes, surface grinding, beveling. Polishing. Characterize grinding as a concept and mechanical process, explain the grinding process, characterize the types of grinding. Describe abrasives and state their important properties, explain the dependence between grain size and surface character. State the classification of abrasives and their types, loose and bonded abrasives. Requirements for grinding equipment. Glass polishing and polishes. Grinding - surface refinement of glass - beveling. Characterize equipment and types of products. |
| 3. Glass refinement - grinding, grinding process, abrasives and polishes, surface grinding, beveling. Polishing. Characterize grinding as a concept and mechanical process, explain the grinding process, characterize the types of grinding. Describe abrasives and state their important properties, explain the dependence between grain size and surface character. State the classification of abrasives and their types, loose and bonded abrasives. Requirements for grinding equipment. Glass polishing and polishes. Grinding - surface refinement of glass - beveling. Characterize equipment and types of products. |
| 4. Glass refinement - Grinding. Describe grinding on a vertical wheel - ball grinding. List the types of grinding wheels according to the type of abrasive bond, wheel shapes and cuts. Explain the work process when grinding glass from pre-drawing the cut, cutting - rough grinding, refining the cut, to polishing. Characterize the types of cuts and especially stone cut and its use. Occupational health and safety rules when working in a grinding shop. |
| 4. Glass refinement - Grinding. Describe grinding on a vertical wheel - ball grinding. List the types of grinding wheels according to the type of abrasive bond, wheel shapes and cuts. Explain the work process when grinding glass from pre-drawing the cut, cutting - rough grinding, refining the cut, to polishing. Characterize the types of cuts and especially stone cut and its use. Occupational health and safety rules when working in a grinding shop. |
| 5. Glass refinement. - Sandblasting Characterize sandblasting and its historical development. Explain the process theory, technological influences, equipment and work procedures. Describe the practical application and protective covers used. Characterize the most commonly used sandblasting principle on its drawing. Explain the meaning and principle of the cyclone. |
| 5. Glass refinement. - Sandblasting Characterize sandblasting and its historical development. Explain the process theory, technological influences, equipment and work procedures. Describe the practical application and protective covers used. Characterize the most commonly used sandblasting principle on its drawing. Explain the meaning and principle of the cyclone. |
| 6. Glass refinement - Glass engraving. Characterize the historical development, tools and equipment of engraving workshops. Describe engraving on copper or discs of bonded abrasive of small diameters and the working procedure used. Explain the types of engraving: plastic - relief (positive or negative), line, sliding. Describe the Portland vase and its historical significance. State the significance of Caspar Lehmann and the significance of engraving in the history of Bohemian crystal. |
| 6. Glass refinement - Glass engraving. Characterize the historical development, tools and equipment of engraving workshops. Describe engraving on copper or discs of bonded abrasive of small diameters and the working procedure used. Explain the types of engraving: plastic - relief (positive or negative), line, sliding. Describe the Portland vase and its historical significance. State the significance of Caspar Lehmann and the significance of engraving in the history of Bohemian crystal. |
| 7. Glass refinement - Chemical refinement - etching, matting, polishing. For each of the methods listed, state: 1) the resulting effect of the method 2) the chemicals used 3) practical use of individual methods 4) Neutralization of rinsing water (including chemical equations) 5) Ecological and hygienic risks and occupational safety during chemical refinement. |
| 7. Glass refinement - Chemical refinement - etching, matting, polishing. For each of the methods listed, state: 1) the resulting effect of the method 2) the chemicals used 3) practical use of individual methods 4) Neutralization of rinsing water (including chemical equations) 5) Ecological and hygienic risks and occupational safety during chemical refinement. |
| 8. Painting glass with glass baking paints. Characteristics and composition of glass baking paints and description of their production. Characterize the organic components of glass paints: binders and thinners and their function. Describe the space of the painting shop and its equipment, tools and aids for painting glass. Describe the purpose and preparation of paints for application. Characterize the types of glass paints and their use. State the hygiene risks when working with these paints. |
| 8. Painting glass with glass baking paints. Characteristics and composition of glass baking paints and description of their production. Characterize the organic components of glass paints: binders and thinners and their function. Describe the space of the painting shop and its equipment, tools and aids for painting glass. Describe the purpose and preparation of paints for application. Characterize the types of glass paints and their use. State the hygiene risks when working with these paints. |
| 9. Glass painting - with precious metals, hydroglazes. Describe precious metals and state their types, properties, and a simplified process for producing shiny gold. Describe lustres, their use, and method of application. Explain the necessity of preparing the glass surface for applying precious metals. Describe the meaning and process of firing decorations, draw a firing curve indicating the temperature levels and the individual stages. |
| 9. Glass painting - with precious metals, hydroglazes. Describe precious metals and state their types, properties, and a simplified process for producing shiny gold. Describe lustres, their use, and method of application. Explain the necessity of preparing the glass surface for applying precious metals. Describe the meaning and process of firing decorations, draw a firing curve indicating the temperature levels and the individual stages. |
| 10. Fused Glass Describe Fused Glass as a thermal forming technique using gravity. Present the materials used and their function. Draw the temperature curve for fusing and describe the individual phases and explain the importance of cooling. State what needs to be respected when using flat float glass and when using colored glass cullet. |
| 10. Fused Glass Describe Fused Glass as a thermal forming technique using gravity. Present the materials used and their function. Draw the temperature curve for fusing and describe the individual phases and explain the importance of cooling. State what needs to be respected when using flat float glass and when using colored glass cullet. |
| 11. Mouldmelting (kiln casting) Describe the history of fused glass sculpture from its inception to the present. Explain the importance of glass sculpture for the history and present of Czech and European art. Explain the principle of sintering. Characterize the forms used, their construction and possible risks when using them. Draw a temperature curve for the production of glass sculpture, indicating their stages and commenting. Describe the entire process of producing fused sculpture and the basic principles for the temperature curve. Finishing a glass sculpture. |
| 11. Mouldmelting (kiln casting) Describe the history of fused glass sculpture from its inception to the present. Explain the importance of glass sculpture for the history and present of Czech and European art. Explain the principle of sintering. Characterize the forms used, their construction and possible risks when using them. Draw a temperature curve for the production of glass sculpture, indicating their stages and commenting. Describe the entire process of producing fused sculpture and the basic principles for the temperature curve. Finishing a glass sculpture. |
| Skills |
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| 1. Annealing of glass: Does the procedure for preparing the product determine its internal stress measurement? |
| 1. Annealing of glass: Does the procedure for preparing the product determine its internal stress measurement? |
| 2. Annealing procedure: Simplified calculation of the rate in the annealing interval for a thick-walled vase with the largest wall thickness of 2 cm. |
| 2. Annealing procedure: Simplified calculation of the rate in the annealing interval for a thick-walled vase with the largest wall thickness of 2 cm. |
| 3. Refining of glass - grinding What is the difference between abrasives used for: rough grinding and fine grinding of glass ?. |
| 3. Refining of glass - grinding What is the difference between abrasives used for: rough grinding and fine grinding of glass ?. |
| 4. Glass refinement - Grinding. Why is it necessary to respect the peripheral speed indicated on grinding wheels? How do we determine the real peripheral speed of the wheel and what data do we need to have available? |
| 4. Glass refinement - Grinding. Why is it necessary to respect the peripheral speed indicated on grinding wheels? How do we determine the real peripheral speed of the wheel and what data do we need to have available? |
| 5. Sandblasting. What does the uniformity of the sandblasted surface depend on? |
| 5. Sandblasting. What does the uniformity of the sandblasted surface depend on? |
| 6. Glass engraving. Propose a simplified description of the workflow for making a Portland vase. |
| 6. Glass engraving. Propose a simplified description of the workflow for making a Portland vase. |
| 7. Glass refining - Chemical refining - etching, matting, polishing. Write the equation for neutralization of rinsing water after chemical refining. |
| 7. Glass refining - Chemical refining - etching, matting, polishing. Write the equation for neutralization of rinsing water after chemical refining. |
| 8. Painting glass with glass baking paints. Describe health and safety when working in a paint shop. |
| 8. Painting glass with glass baking paints. Describe health and safety when working in a paint shop. |
| 9. Glass painting - with precious metals, hydroglazes. Explain the principles of correct setting of the firing curve. |
| 9. Glass painting - with precious metals, hydroglazes. Explain the principles of correct setting of the firing curve. |
| 10. Fusing (slumping) Indicate the correct procedure for using FLOAT flat float glass for laid glass. |
| 10. Fusing (slumping) Indicate the correct procedure for using FLOAT flat float glass for laid glass. |
| 11. Mouldmelting (kiln casting). Based on the density of glass, determine the hydrostatic pressure of the melt acting on the wall of the mold at its bottom. The internal height of the mold is 30 cm. The density of glass is 2,500 kg / m3 |
| 11. Mouldmelting (kiln casting). Based on the density of glass, determine the hydrostatic pressure of the melt acting on the wall of the mold at its bottom. The internal height of the mold is 30 cm. The density of glass is 2,500 kg / m3 |
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