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Lecturer(s)
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Course content
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1.-2. Refining of glass I - grinding, polishing 3.-4. Glass refining II - sandblasting, engraving 5-6 Chemical refinement of glass - chemical polishing, matting, etching 7-8 Glass painting - with glass firing colors and precious metals 9-10 Lying glass and fused plastic 11.-12. Glass defects. 13. Eligibility. The student will get to know the principles on which traditional mechanical refining procedures are based and the equipment on which they can be implemented. These include grinding, grinding, sandblasting and engraving. The student will gain knowledge about the chemical processing of glass, which includes etching, matting and chemical polishing, the use of which is relatively widespread in the glass industry. At the same time, he will obtain information about the hygienic and ecological risks of these procedures and the binding conditions for their use. The student will become familiar with the procedures used in glass painting, both glass firing colors and precious metals and the conditions for firing decor. The student will become familiar with the basics of the creation and workshop practice of lying glass and fused sculpture. The last chapter is dedicated to glass defects and obtaining information about the causes of their occurrence and the possibilities of their removal.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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unspecified
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| Knowledge |
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| 1.Refining of glass - grinding. Grinding as a concept and a mechanical process, its principle, types of grinding. Abrasives, requirements for their properties, types of abrasives. Classification of abrasives and their types. Free and bonded abrasive. Requirements for grinding equipment. Grinding workflow. Grinding on a horizontal and vertical disc. Polishing of glass and polish. |
| 1.Refining of glass - grinding. Grinding as a concept and a mechanical process, its principle, types of grinding. Abrasives, requirements for their properties, types of abrasives. Classification of abrasives and their types. Free and bonded abrasive. Requirements for grinding equipment. Grinding workflow. Grinding on a horizontal and vertical disc. Polishing of glass and polish. |
| 2. Refining of glass - grinding Grinding (cutting) on a vertical disc - decoratove cutting. Types of grinding wheels according to the type of abrasive bond Shapes of discs and cuts. Glass grinding workflow and its stages. Pre-drawing of the cuts, cutting - rough grinding, smoothing of the cuts, polishing. Types of cuts and diamond cut. Health and safety (OSH) rules when working at the cutting shop. Zkratkou OSH je v Evropě označena organizace pro bezpečné a zdravé pracovní podmínky (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work) |
| 2. Refining of glass - grinding Grinding (cutting) on a vertical disc - decoratove cutting. Types of grinding wheels according to the type of abrasive bond Shapes of discs and cuts. Glass grinding workflow and its stages. Pre-drawing of the cuts, cutting - rough grinding, smoothing of the cuts, polishing. Types of cuts and diamond cut. Health and safety (OSH) rules when working at the cutting shop. Zkratkou OSH je v Evropě označena organizace pro bezpečné a zdravé pracovní podmínky (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work) |
| 3. Sandblasting. Sand blasting. Characteristics, historical development, process theory, technological influences, equipment and work procedures. Practical use. The most commonly used principle of sandblasting. |
| 3. Sandblasting. Sand blasting. Characteristics, historical development, process theory, technological influences, equipment and work procedures. Practical use. The most commonly used principle of sandblasting. |
| 4. Glass engraving Characteristics, historical development, tools and equipment of engraving workshops, engraving on copper or discs of bonded abrasive of small diameters, work procedure, Types of engravings: plastic - relief (positive or negative), linear, sliding. Portland vase, Caspar Lehmann, the importance of engraving in the history of Czech crystal, teaching of engraved glass at VŠUP in the past. |
| 4. Glass engraving Characteristics, historical development, tools and equipment of engraving workshops, engraving on copper or discs of bonded abrasive of small diameters, work procedure, Types of engravings: plastic - relief (positive or negative), linear, sliding. Portland vase, Caspar Lehmann, the importance of engraving in the history of Czech crystal, teaching of engraved glass at VŠUP in the past. |
| Chemical refinement - acid etching Characteristics of dissolution of glass mass (etching), composition of the etching bath, technological influences on etching speed. Example: etching soda lime glass. Types of etching. Anti-etch covers. Practical use: Reproduction etching. Neutralization of rinse water. Ecological and safety risks of chemical finishing - etching. |
| Chemical refinement - acid etching Characteristics of dissolution of glass mass (etching), composition of the etching bath, technological influences on etching speed. Example: etching soda lime glass. Types of etching. Anti-etch covers. Practical use: Reproduction etching. Neutralization of rinse water. Ecological and safety risks of chemical finishing - etching. |
| 6. Chemical refinement - acid frosting Characteristics of the frosted glass surface. Means for matting. Composition of matting bath and matting paste. Influences affecting the character of the frosted glass surface Practical use of glass matting. Neutralization of rinse water. Ecological and safety risks of chemical finishing - matting. |
| 6. Chemical refinement - acid frosting Characteristics of the frosted glass surface. Means for matting. Composition of matting bath and matting paste. Influences affecting the character of the frosted glass surface Practical use of glass matting. Neutralization of rinse water. Ecological and safety risks of chemical finishing - matting. |
| 7. Chemical refinement - polishing The essence of chemical polishing. The process of leveling the glass surface. List the individual components of the polishing bath. Influences on the course of polishing. Practical use of chemical glass polishing. Neutralization of rinse water. Ecological and safety risks of chemical finishing - polishing. |
| 7. Chemical refinement - polishing The essence of chemical polishing. The process of leveling the glass surface. List the individual components of the polishing bath. Influences on the course of polishing. Practical use of chemical glass polishing. Neutralization of rinse water. Ecological and safety risks of chemical finishing - polishing. |
| 8. Glass painting - with glass firing colors Characteristics and composition of glass firing colors. Production of glass paints. Organic components of glass paints. Binders and thinners. Painting shop and its equipment, tools and aids for painting glass. Preparation of paints for application. Types of glass colors and their characteristics. Embossed colors and high enamel. Hygienic risks when working with these paints. |
| 8. Glass painting - with glass firing colors Characteristics and composition of glass firing colors. Production of glass paints. Organic components of glass paints. Binders and thinners. Painting shop and its equipment, tools and aids for painting glass. Preparation of paints for application. Types of glass colors and their characteristics. Embossed colors and high enamel. Hygienic risks when working with these paints. |
| 9. Glass painting - with precious metals, decor firing. Precious metals and lustres used to paint glass. Preparation of the glass surface for the application of precious metals. Firing decorations, firing curve and basic principles of successful firing. |
| 9. Glass painting - with precious metals, decor firing. Precious metals and lustres used to paint glass. Preparation of the glass surface for the application of precious metals. Firing decorations, firing curve and basic principles of successful firing. |
| 10. Fusing (slumping) Lying glass as a thermoforming technique using gravity. The materials used. Temperature curve for fusing and importance of cooling. The use of float type flat glass. Use of colored glass crumb. |
| 10. Fusing (slumping) Lying glass as a thermoforming technique using gravity. The materials used. Temperature curve for fusing and importance of cooling. The use of float type flat glass. Use of colored glass crumb. |
| 11. Mouldmelting (kiln casting) The history of fused mouldmelting, (glass sculpture). Content of the term fused plastic, The principle of sintering. Forms used. Production of molten plastic. |
| 11. Mouldmelting (kiln casting) The history of fused mouldmelting, (glass sculpture). Content of the term fused plastic, The principle of sintering. Forms used. Production of molten plastic. |
| Skills |
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| 1. Select the abrasive grit for coarse and fine sanding. Explain the function of cooling grinding fluid. |
| 1. Select the abrasive grit for coarse and fine sanding. Explain the function of cooling grinding fluid. |
| 2. Why is it necessary to respect the specified peripheral speed on cutting wheels? How do we determine the real peripheral speed of the disc and what data do we need to have available. |
| 2. Why is it necessary to respect the specified peripheral speed on cutting wheels? How do we determine the real peripheral speed of the disc and what data do we need to have available. |
| 3. Set the cleaning of the discharged air from dust containing fine particles of glass and abrasives. |
| 3. Set the cleaning of the discharged air from dust containing fine particles of glass and abrasives. |
| 4. Propose a simplified description of the workflow for making a Portland vase. |
| 4. Propose a simplified description of the workflow for making a Portland vase. |
| 5. Write the equation for the neutralization of rinse waters after etching. |
| 5. Write the equation for the neutralization of rinse waters after etching. |
| 6. Propose an adjustment to the composition of the matte bath to soften the character of the matte. |
| 6. Propose an adjustment to the composition of the matte bath to soften the character of the matte. |
| 7. Explain the differences between mechanical and chemical polishing. |
| 7. Explain the differences between mechanical and chemical polishing. |
| 8. Describe health and safety when working in a paint shop. |
| 8. Describe health and safety when working in a paint shop. |
| 9. Explain the principles of correct setting of the firing curve |
| 9. Explain the principles of correct setting of the firing curve |
| 10. State the correct procedure for using FLOAT flat glass for fusing. |
| 10. State the correct procedure for using FLOAT flat glass for fusing. |
| 11. Based on the density of the glass, determine the hydrostatic pressure of the melt acting on the wall of the mold at its bottom. |
| 11. Based on the density of the glass, determine the hydrostatic pressure of the melt acting on the wall of the mold at its bottom. |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Practice exercises |
| Practice exercises |
| Skills |
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| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Practice exercises |
| Practice exercises |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Composite examination (Written part + oral part) |
| Composite examination (Written part + oral part) |
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Recommended literature
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Blumentrit. Sklářské materiály. SNTL Praha, 1984.
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Fanderlík,I. Barvení skla. Práh Praha 2009, 2009. ISBN 978-80-7252-3.
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Olga Drahotová a kolektiv. Historie sklářské výroby v českých zemích I. II. Praha, 2005.
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Petrášová, H. a kol. Technologie skla pro 2.ročník SPŠ sklářských. SNTL Praha , 1982.
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Petrášová, H. a kol. Technologie skla pro 3. ročník SPŠ sklářských. SNTL Praha, 1984.
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Smrček,A. a kol. Tavení skla. Česká sklářská společnost o.s. Jablonec nad Nisou, 2008. ISBN 978-80-904044-0-3.
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Špaček,J.,Pešek,K. Zdobení a zušlechťování skla v huti. SNTL Praha, 1971.
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