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Lecturer(s)
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Course content
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1.-2. Optical properties of glass 3.-4. Chemical properties of glass 5-6 Glass cooling. 7-8 Cooling procedure 9-10 The main types of glasses 11.-12. Crystal glasses and glazes 13. Initial processing of glass The student will supplement his knowledge of glass with the optical and chemical properties of glass, which are important from the point of view of its practical use. The student will become familiar with the technological necessity of cooling practically all glass products after their shaping (it does not apply to glass fibers with a minimum thickness) and will be able to set the cooling parameters for the given product. Furthermore, the student will become familiar with technology and work procedures in the area of primary processing. Knowledge, respect and proper use of the extraordinary properties of glass is necessary for the successful implementation of the project and also enables effective consultation with glass experts.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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unspecified
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| learning outcomes |
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| Knowledge |
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| Optical properties of glass: Define the basic optical properties of glass and explain their application in practice for glass products. |
| Optical properties of glass: Define the basic optical properties of glass and explain their application in practice for glass products. |
| Chemical properties of glass: Characteristics of the term chemical resistance of glass, and interpretation: - how is it related to the chemical composition of glass? - what does it mean for glass products? - rules for measuring glass resistance to water |
| Chemical properties of glass: Characteristics of the term chemical resistance of glass, and interpretation: - how is it related to the chemical composition of glass? - what does it mean for glass products? - rules for measuring glass resistance to water |
| Annealing of glass: Thermal expansion of glass (coefficient , meaning, measurement), thermal conductivity , Characteristics of internal stress in glass, their types and conditions of their formation. The properties of the glass and the temperature conditions that cause these stresses to occur. Upper and lower cooling temperature and their definition. Why are these temperatures different for different glasses? Annealing curve. Annealing interval and its practical significance. Measurement of internal stress in glass The principle of the polarimetric method and general requirements for the measured product. |
| Annealing of glass: Thermal expansion of glass (coefficient , meaning, measurement), thermal conductivity , Characteristics of internal stress in glass, their types and conditions of their formation. The properties of the glass and the temperature conditions that cause these stresses to occur. Upper and lower cooling temperature and their definition. Why are these temperatures different for different glasses? Annealing curve. Annealing interval and its practical significance. Measurement of internal stress in glass The principle of the polarimetric method and general requirements for the measured product. |
| Annealing procedure: Annealing curve, annealing procedure and explanation of the purpose of its individual stages. Determining the standard size for basic product shapes. Simplified calculation of the annealing curve. Annealing lehr (furnaces) and their types. |
| Annealing procedure: Annealing curve, annealing procedure and explanation of the purpose of its individual stages. Determining the standard size for basic product shapes. Simplified calculation of the annealing curve. Annealing lehr (furnaces) and their types. |
| Main types of glass: Classification of glasses according to chemical composition and their naming method. Characteristics of the main types of industrial glass in terms of production, properties and practical use. |
| Main types of glass: Classification of glasses according to chemical composition and their naming method. Characteristics of the main types of industrial glass in terms of production, properties and practical use. |
| Crystal glasses: Characterize crystal as a type of glass and its main historical representatives with a technological name. What period are these crystals from? The use of crystals and the possibility of their refinement. |
| Crystal glasses: Characterize crystal as a type of glass and its main historical representatives with a technological name. What period are these crystals from? The use of crystals and the possibility of their refinement. |
| Glazes: Characterize glazes as a way of refining glass. The history of glazes. Silver glaze. Copper glaze. Black glaze and lithyaline. The meaning and use of glazes. Personality of Friedrich Egermann. |
| Glazes: Characterize glazes as a way of refining glass. The history of glazes. Silver glaze. Copper glaze. Black glaze and lithyaline. The meaning and use of glazes. Personality of Friedrich Egermann. |
| Initial processing 1- Heat processing. Cracking off. Theory of the process. Meaning, Its purpose and what technological principles it uses. Device. Health and safety. Fire finishing. Practical use. Process theory. Device. Health and safety Burn off. Practical use. Process theory. Its purpose and which technological procedures it replaces. Device. Health and safety. Fire polishing. Practical use. Process theory. Device. Health and safety. |
| Initial processing 1- Heat processing. Cracking off. Theory of the process. Meaning, Its purpose and what technological principles it uses. Device. Health and safety. Fire finishing. Practical use. Process theory. Device. Health and safety Burn off. Practical use. Process theory. Its purpose and which technological procedures it replaces. Device. Health and safety. Fire polishing. Practical use. Process theory. Device. Health and safety. |
| Basic concepts of mechanical processing of glass: Which workflows belong here? Which abrasive is the most effective? What is the difference between grinding-flatter and decorative cutting and on what equipment is it done? What is polishing and why do we perceive a polished surface as shiny? How are ceramic bonded grinding wheels made? Which polishing agent is the most effective? |
| Basic concepts of mechanical processing of glass: Which workflows belong here? Which abrasive is the most effective? What is the difference between grinding-flatter and decorative cutting and on what equipment is it done? What is polishing and why do we perceive a polished surface as shiny? How are ceramic bonded grinding wheels made? Which polishing agent is the most effective? |
| Initial processing 2 - Mechanical processing of glass. Glass grinding - flatter. Purpose, equipment, used abrasive. health and safety. Glass cutting. Purpose, equipment, process theory. health and safety. Glass drilling. Purpose, equipment. health and safety. |
| Initial processing 2 - Mechanical processing of glass. Glass grinding - flatter. Purpose, equipment, used abrasive. health and safety. Glass cutting. Purpose, equipment, process theory. health and safety. Glass drilling. Purpose, equipment. health and safety. |
| Skills |
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| Optical properties of glass: Show in the picture all possibilities for the path of the ray that occur when light hits the interface of two environments, including the special case where complete (total) reflection occurs |
| Optical properties of glass: Show in the picture all possibilities for the path of the ray that occur when light hits the interface of two environments, including the special case where complete (total) reflection occurs |
| Designing the modification of the chemical composition of glass from the Na2O-CaO-SiO2 group, which will increase its water resistance? The current chemical composition of the glass is in (wt.%): 73 SiO2, 1.0 Al2O3, 8 CaO, 18 Na2O. |
| Designing the modification of the chemical composition of glass from the Na2O-CaO-SiO2 group, which will increase its water resistance? The current chemical composition of the glass is in (wt.%): 73 SiO2, 1.0 Al2O3, 8 CaO, 18 Na2O. |
| Annealing of glass: Does the procedure for preparing the product determine its internal stress measurement? |
| Annealing of glass: Does the procedure for preparing the product determine its internal stress measurement? |
| Annealing procedure: Simplified calculation of the rate in the annealing interval for a thick-walled vase with the largest wall thickness of 2 cm. |
| Annealing procedure: Simplified calculation of the rate in the annealing interval for a thick-walled vase with the largest wall thickness of 2 cm. |
| Main types of glass: Justify. Why do many glasses differ in their resistance to thermal shock and which property is decisive for this type of stress? |
| Main types of glass: Justify. Why do many glasses differ in their resistance to thermal shock and which property is decisive for this type of stress? |
| Crystal glasses: What is the difference between lead crystal glass and crystal glass? |
| Crystal glasses: What is the difference between lead crystal glass and crystal glass? |
| Glazes: Determine the number of firings for silver and copper glaze. |
| Glazes: Determine the number of firings for silver and copper glaze. |
| Initial processing 1-Heat processing: Why is it necessary to make a sharp scratch on the surface of the product before cracking off? Why is it necessary to heat the entire product before heating the lit edge itself? What work procedures will we replace with thawing? At what stage of production is fire polishing done? |
| Initial processing 1-Heat processing: Why is it necessary to make a sharp scratch on the surface of the product before cracking off? Why is it necessary to heat the entire product before heating the lit edge itself? What work procedures will we replace with thawing? At what stage of production is fire polishing done? |
| Basic concepts of mechanical processing of glass. What is the difference between abrasives used for: rough grinding and fine grinding of glass (smoothing)? |
| Basic concepts of mechanical processing of glass. What is the difference between abrasives used for: rough grinding and fine grinding of glass (smoothing)? |
| Initial processing 2 - Mechanical processing of glass. Describe the process of cutting glass. |
| Initial processing 2 - Mechanical processing of glass. Describe the process of cutting glass. |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Practice exercises |
| Practice exercises |
| Skills |
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| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Dialogic (Discussion, conversation, brainstorming) |
| Practice exercises |
| Practice exercises |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Composite examination (Written part + oral part) |
| Composite examination (Written part + oral part) |
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Recommended literature
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Blumentrit. Sklářské materiály. SNTL Praha, 1984.
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Fanderlík,I. Barvení skla. Práh Praha 2009, 2009. ISBN 978-80-7252-3.
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Olga Drahotová a kolektiv. Historie sklářské výroby v českých zemích I. II. Praha, 2005.
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Petrášová, H. a kol. Technologie skla pro 2.ročník SPŠ sklářských. SNTL Praha , 1982.
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Petrášová, H. a kol. Technologie skla pro 3. ročník SPŠ sklářských. SNTL Praha, 1984.
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Smrček,A. a kol. Tavení skla. Česká sklářská společnost o.s. Jablonec nad Nisou, 2008. ISBN 978-80-904044-0-3.
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Špaček,J.,Pešek,K. Zdobení a zušlechťování skla v huti. SNTL Praha, 1971.
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